Limitation Clauses
This document examines limitation clauses as enabling constitutional rights to be partially limited, to a specified extent and for certain…
Geographical Coverage: Global
Local Democracy
This document examines local democracy as the self-government of cities, towns, villages and districts by democratic means—typically, but not exclusively,…
Interim Governance Arrangements in Post-Conflict and Fragile Settings
This Report provides an understanding of how temporary governance during major political transitions is structured and how it works in…
Judicial Tenure, Removal, Immunity and Accountability
This Primer covers the rules governing the tenure, immunity, discipline and removal of judges in constitutional democracies. In particular, it…
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool
The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Constitutions Assessment Tool helps users to analyse a constitution from the perspective of indigenous peoples’…
Implementing Federalism
This document explains why any change from a centralized to a federal or devolved system is a significant one. It…
Inclusion of Combatants in Constitution-Building
This document examines the rationales for including combatants in constitution-building, the challenges this presents and some of the mechanisms that…
Independence in Electoral Management
This document focuses on the establishment of Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) as institutions normatively, structurally and functionally independent from government.…
Independent Regulatory and Oversight (Fourth-Branch) Institutions
This Primer discusses independent regulatory and oversight institutions. These are public bodies, politically neutral and independent from the three main…
Global Passport to Modern Direct Democracy
This document offers basic information about the tools of direct democracy. It introduces key definitions, describes various tools, and includes…