Beyond Representation in Pandemic Responses: Independent and International Institutions
This document explores how, in the Covid-19 pandemic and the centralization and exertion of executive power, there are key roles…
Geographical Coverage: Global
Bicameralism
This document analyses bicameral parliaments or legislatures as those in which two assemblies share legislative power.
Constitutional Amendment Procedures
This document discusses how a constitutional amendment alters the content of a constitutional text in a formal way, and how…
Constitutional Beginnings: Making and amending constitutions
This document examines the choice between making a new constitution and amending an existing constitution to achieve substantial constitutional change.
Constitutional Monarchs in Parliamentary Democracies
This document discusses the role of a constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy as a hereditary symbolic head of state…
Adapting to the New Normal: Political Parties During Lockdown and Social Distancing
This Primer highlights some of the mechanisms that are being widely used and can be adopted by political parties to…
Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2020
This report provides a retrospective account of constitutional reform processes around the world and from a comparative perspective, and their…
Atlas of Electoral Gender Quotas
This report collects data on the use of gender quotas around the world, and it covers 85 countries and territories…
Global State Of Democracy Indices
This document measures democratic trend at the country, regional and global levels for 166 countries across a broad range of…
The Global State of Democracy Report
This report reviews the state of democracy around the world for the years 2020 and 2021 with democratic trends since…