The Division of Powers in Federations
he primary focus of this document is the division of legislative power in countries with a federal system of government.
Geographical Coverage: Global
Constitutional Negotiations
his Constitution Brief focuses on strategies and mechanisms for breaking a deadlock in constitutional negotiations conducted in an environment of…
Consultation, Deliberation and Decision-Making: Direct Public Participation in Constitution-Building
This document examines three different forms of direct public participation in constitution-building—consultation, deliberation and decision-making—and identifies ways to promote inclusive…
Courts in Federal Countries
The brief begins by outlining the typical characteristics and key features of a federal system of government, before examining how…
Beyond Representation in Pandemic Responses: Independent and International Institutions
This document explores how, in the Covid-19 pandemic and the centralization and exertion of executive power, there are key roles…
Bicameralism
This document analyses bicameral parliaments or legislatures as those in which two assemblies share legislative power.
Constitutional Amendment Procedures
This document discusses how a constitutional amendment alters the content of a constitutional text in a formal way, and how…
Constitutional Beginnings: Making and amending constitutions
This document examines the choice between making a new constitution and amending an existing constitution to achieve substantial constitutional change.
Constitutional Monarchs in Parliamentary Democracies
This document discusses the role of a constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy as a hereditary symbolic head of state…
Adapting to the New Normal: Political Parties During Lockdown and Social Distancing
This Primer highlights some of the mechanisms that are being widely used and can be adopted by political parties to…