This edition provides a comprehensive assessment of Pakistan’s geopolitical, economic, and socio-environmental outlook amid renewed tensions with India. The escalation followed the April 22 terrorist attack in Pahalgam, which India swiftly attributed to Pakistan-based actors. In response, India launched Operation Sindoor airstrikes across the Line of Control despite a lack of verifiable evidence and resulting civilian casualties in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan’s restrained counter-response, Operation Bunyan-ul-Marsoos, focused strictly on military targets and emphasized adherence to international norms. Islamabad’s calls for independent investigation and diplomacy have stood in stark contrast to New Delhi’s aggressive posture.
