This paper examines the surge of nationally coordinated, youth-led mass protests across Africa between 2023 and 2025. Driven by Generation Z and younger millennials, these movements emerged in response to acute economic hardship, systemic corruption, and unresponsive governance. The study provides a comparative analysis of twelve major national protest movements, including those in Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Morocco, highlighting how tech-savvy youths leveraged digital mobilisation—via social media and encrypted apps—to bypass traditional political structures and state repression.
