This report serves as a record of the third discussion for “Japan’s Democracy: Lessons and Reflections,” a project conducted in 2021–2022 as part of JCIE’s Expanding Support for Democratic Governance program. The second discussion covered Japan’s current government systems, decentralization as seen in the COVID-19 response, and Japanese political party and electoral system reforms. It also featured a discussion on what lessons other countries might learn from Japan’s example.