This report explores how Ukraine has long been home to a vibrant native civil society sector as well as many foreign dissidents and exiled activists. However, a lack of governmental awareness about the use of transnational repression by states other than Russia, cooperation between Ukrainian security services and those of foreign states, and an inefficient asylum system have prevented many exiles from finding long-term security in Ukraine. The research for this country report was completed before the Russian regime’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, meaning its analysis reflects pre-war security and migration policies.
