This document examines three different forms of direct public participation in constitution-building—consultation, deliberation and decision-making—and identifies ways to promote inclusive…
The brief begins by outlining the typical characteristics and key features of a federal system of government, before examining how…
This document explores how, in the Covid-19 pandemic and the centralization and exertion of executive power, there are key roles…
This document analyses bicameral parliaments or legislatures as those in which two assemblies share legislative power.
This document discusses how a constitutional amendment alters the content of a constitutional text in a formal way, and how…
This document examines the choice between making a new constitution and amending an existing constitution to achieve substantial constitutional change.
This document discusses the role of a constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy as a hereditary symbolic head of state…
This Primer highlights some of the mechanisms that are being widely used and can be adopted by political parties to…
This paper looks closely at the question “How can all people participate in elections and democracy during COVID-19 and other…
How can information and elections be protected during COVID-19 and other crises? This paper looks closely at this question and…