Constitutions and International Law
This Constitution Brief was written initially for use in Myanmar, and it explains the nature of international law and explores…
Theme: Democracy
Consultation, Deliberation and Decision-Making: Direct Public Participation in Constitution-Building
This document examines three different forms of direct public participation in constitution-building—consultation, deliberation and decision-making—and identifies ways to promote inclusive…
Courts in Federal Countries
The brief begins by outlining the typical characteristics and key features of a federal system of government, before examining how…
Constitutional Beginnings: Making and amending constitutions
This document examines the choice between making a new constitution and amending an existing constitution to achieve substantial constitutional change.
Constitutional Monarchs in Parliamentary Democracies
This document discusses the role of a constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy as a hereditary symbolic head of state…
Beyond Representation in Pandemic Responses: Independent and International Institutions
This document explores how, in the Covid-19 pandemic and the centralization and exertion of executive power, there are key roles…
Bicameralism
This document analyses bicameral parliaments or legislatures as those in which two assemblies share legislative power.
Citizens’ Perceptions of Democratic Participation in Sudan
The primary objective of this report is to study the perceptions among the Sudanese population of the motivations for and…
Constitutional Amendment Procedures
This document discusses how a constitutional amendment alters the content of a constitutional text in a formal way, and how…
POLITICAL FINANCE Design Tool
Drawing from comparative global data in International IDEA’s Political Finance Database, the Political Finance Design Tool provides governments and policy-makers…