Independent Regulatory and Oversight (Fourth-Branch) Institutions
This Primer discusses independent regulatory and oversight institutions. These are public bodies, politically neutral and independent from the three main…
Type: Briefs/Notes
How Federations Responded to Covid-19
This document explores how countries with a federal form of government responded in distinctive ways to the health and economic…
Federalism
This Primer explores how federalism, as a constitutional mechanism for dividing power between different levels of government, can enjoy constitutionally…
Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies
This primer discusses the constitutional rules for choosing presidents in countries where the president exercises significant governance powers.
Electoral System Reform and Design
This document examines a series of Learning Sessions on constitutional change and federalism held in the Philippines in 2018 and…
Digital Microtargeting
This Primer discusses digital microtargeting by political parties and concentrates on examples of political parties around the world that have…
Direct Democracy
This document analyses how direct democracy describes rules, institutions and processes that enable the public to vote directly on a…
The Division of Powers in Federations
he primary focus of this document is the division of legislative power in countries with a federal system of government.
Constitutions and International Law
This Constitution Brief was written initially for use in Myanmar, and it explains the nature of international law and explores…
Consultation, Deliberation and Decision-Making: Direct Public Participation in Constitution-Building
This document examines three different forms of direct public participation in constitution-building—consultation, deliberation and decision-making—and identifies ways to promote inclusive…